One Iconic Dress, Two Names: The Difference Between Qipao and Cheongsam
To the uninitiated, the words "Qipao" and "Cheongsam" appear to describe two distinct garments. But the reality is more complex. They are, in essence, two names for the same iconic dress, yet each carries its own unique history, cultural weight, and stylistic nuances.
A Tale of Two Names: Linguistic Origins
The primary difference between "Qipao" and "Cheongsam" is linguistic.
· Qipao (旗袍) is the Mandarin Chinese term for the dress. It literally translates to "banner gown," a reference to the "Eight Banners" of the Manchu people who ruled China during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912).
· Cheongsam (長衫) is the term's Cantonese counterpart. It entered the English lexicon from the Cantonese pronunciation of chèuhngàam, which translates to "long shirt" or "long dress".
While often used interchangeably today, "Cheongsam" was historically used in the Guangdong region of southern China to describe a long robe worn by men.
Historical Roots: From Loose Robe to Fashion Icon
The garment's evolution helps explain the distinct feelings each name evokes. The Qipao originates from a loose, baggy robe worn by Manchu women during the Qing Dynasty, designed to conceal the female figure. The modern Qipao emerged in Shanghai during the 1920s; its prototype originated from female students of the era who adopted the men's long robe as a feminist statement. Want to dive deeper? Read our full post on the history and cultural significance of the Qipao.
As it evolved, the Shanghai-style Qipao became increasingly form-fitting — with its side slits rising higher in tandem — eventually evolving into the elegant garment we recognize today. Explore our Exclusive Designer Collection for heirloom-quality pieces that honor this legacy.
Stylistic Evolution: Qipao vs. Cheongsam
Although they refer to the same garment, these terms can imply different stylistic periods.
· The Qipao evokes the original, more conservative garment: loose-fitting, with high collars, wide sleeves, and modest slits, prioritizing modesty and comfort. Browse our Loose-Fitting Qipao collection for styles in this spirit.
· The Cheongsam conjures the modernized version: a slim, body-hugging silhouette with a higher side slit, often knee or mid-calf length, and modern fabrics. See our Modern Qipao and “In the Mood for Love” Style collections for this aesthetic.
Regional Preferences
Mainland China and Taiwan primarily use "Qipao." In Hong Kong, both terms are used interchangeably, but "Cheongsam" carries a distinct local flavor. The Western world often defaults to "Cheongsam," popularized by Hong Kong cinema and stars like Maggie Cheung in In the Mood for Love — a film that inspired our own “In the Mood for Love” Style collection.
Conclusion: Two Sides of the Same Silhouette
The Qipao and Cheongsam represent two sides of the same coin. "Qipao" honors the dress's traditional Manchu origins, while "Cheongsam" celebrates its modern evolution. Both celebrate a garment that has become a global symbol of Chinese elegance.
Ready to find yours? Explore our collections:
- Qipao for Women — our full range
- Modern Qipao — contemporary Cheongsam styles
- Loose-Fitting Qipao — traditional, relaxed silhouettes
- Exclusive Designer Collection — heirloom-quality craftsmanship
- Custom Qipao — made-to-measure for your perfect fit
